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Lawrence Booth ( 1420 – 1480) was Prince-Bishop of Durham and Lord Chancellor of England, before becoming Archbishop of York. ==Life== The illegitimate son of John Booth of Barton, near Eccles, Lancashire,〔 of the ancient Cheshire family of Booth, established by his brother Sir Robert Booth at Dunham Massey, where it remained seated until the mid-eighteenth century (''qv.'' Earl of Stamford and Warrington). Lawrence Booth read both Civil and Canon Law at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, graduating as Licentiate (Lic.C.L.),〔licentiate in civil law〕 proceeding Doctor of Divinity. He was elected Master of his college in 1450, a post he held until his death, and also served as Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. Whilst at Cambridge, where he started a movement for both a school for the Arts and a school of Civil Law, he is believed to have produced his first miracle. Outside Cambridge, Booth's career also advanced quickly helped by his half-brother William Booth, who was Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield (1447–1452) and Archbishop of York (1452–1464).〔Pollard, A. J. (2008). "Booth, Laurence (c.1420–1480)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.〕 In 1449, he was appointed a Prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral〔Jones ''(Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541: volume 10: Coventry and Lichfield diocese: Prebendaries: Offley )''〕 and, on 2 November 1456, became Dean of St Paul's.〔Horn ''(Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541: volume 5: St Paul's, London: Deans of St Paul's )''〕 He was also a Prebendary of York Minster〔Jones ''(Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541: volume 6: Northern province (York, Carlisle and Durham): Prebendaries: Wistow )''〕 and of Lichfield Cathedral.〔Jones ''(Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541: volume 10: Coventry and Lichfield diocese: Prebendaries: Gaia Major )''〕 From 1454 to 1457 he was Archdeacon of Richmond.〔Jones ''(Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541: volume 6: Northern province (York, Carlisle and Durham): Archdeacons: Richmond )''〕 Booth's activities were not confined to the Church; he was also active in government. He was Chancellor to Queen Margaret and, in about 1456, he became Keeper of the Privy Seal,〔Fryde ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 95.〕 and in that same year on 28 January he was also appointed one of the tutors and guardians of the Prince of Wales. He was Lord Privy Seal until 1460.〔 In 1457 he also served briefly as Provost of Beverley Minster. On 25 September 1457, Booth was installed as Prince-Bishop of Durham.〔Fryde ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 242〕 This was both an important ecclesiastical appointment, and an equally important civil one, as the Prince-Bishop of Durham enjoyed civil authority over a large area of northern England almost until the reign of Queen Victoria. Although from a Lancastrian family, he cultivated relations with the Yorkists and, after the fall of King Henry VI, Booth adapted himself to the new ''status quo''. He submitted himself to King Edward (the former Earl of March) in April 1461, and by the end of June, Booth was beating back a raid led by the Lords de Ros, Dacre and Rugemont-Grey who brought King Henry VI over the border to try to raise a rebellion in the north of England.〔Ross ''Edward IV'' pp. 45–6〕 Edward named him his confessor.〔Seward ''The Wars of the Roses'' p. 85〕 Although he temporarily lost control of the see of Durham, it was restored to him in 1464, after he made submission to King Edward IV; he succeeded in being a prelate who was never imprisoned.〔Davies "The Church and the Wars of the Roses" in ''The Wars of the Roses'' p. 141〕 He took an active part in King Edward's government thereafter and on 27 July 1473 was made Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, which office he held until May 1474.〔Fryde ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 87〕 In October 1473 he led a delegation to Scotland to formally sign the marriage treaty between the newborn son (later James IV of Scotland) of James III and Edward's third daughter Cecily.〔Ross ''Edward IV'' p. 213〕 In 1476 Booth was translated to the metropolitan see of York,〔Fryde ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 282〕 following on from where his half-brother had been archbishop until his death in 1464. He was the only bishop at Edward IV's accession who was ever promoted to higher office.〔Ross ''Edward IV'' p. 318〕 Booth served as Archbishop of York until his death on 19 May 1480,〔 and is buried beside his brother in the Collegiate Church of Southwell, which both he and his brother generously endowed. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lawrence Booth」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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